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Citing Sources in Chicago 17th

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The Saint Gertrude High School Honor Code requires you to properly acknowledge sources you have used in course assignments and research papers. This guide provides basic information on how to cite sources and examples for formatting citations in Chicago style. For more information and additional sources, sign into Noodletools through GatorNet and choose Chicago.

How to Format the Reference List

The reference list provides the full details of the items you have cited in your paper and appears at the end of your paper. 

  • Usually titled References or Works Cited 
  • Entries begin with author(s) and date of work; other required elements depend on the type of source (book, journal article, website). 
  • Entries are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the first author
  • If there is no author, use the first word of the title of the work (excluding The, A, An).

Citing Common Sources

Book
Author Last Name, First Name. Year. Book Title. Place: Publisher.
 
Example: Stewart, K. J. 1864. A Geography for Beginners. Richmond: J. W. Randolph. http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/stewart/stewart.html.

Edited Book
 Author Last Name, First Name, ed. Year. Book Title. Place: Publisher.
 
Example: Dmytryshyn, Basil, ed. 1999. Imperial Russia: A Source Book, 1700-1917. New York: Academic International Press.

Chapter or Essay in Book
Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Chapter/Essay Title." In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, Inclusive Pages of Chapter/Essay. Place: Publisher.
 
Example: Roell, Craig H. 1994. "The Piano in the American Home." In The Arts and the American Home, 1890-1930, edited by Jessica H. Foy and Karal Ann Marling, 193-204. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.Entry in a Reference Book

*Well-known encyclopedias and dictionaries are usually cited in the body of the paper only. For other reference works, cite as a book or book chapter.
 
Journal Article
Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume (Issue): Page Range of Article. URL/DOI.

For journal articles consulted online, use a URL based on a DOI (begins with https://doi.org/). Otherwise, use the URL provided with the article.
 
Example: Richards, Phillip M. "Phillis Wheatley and Literary Americanization." American Quarterly 44, no. 2 (1992): 163-191. https://doi.org/10.2307/2713039
 
Web Page  *The webpage citation is a popular citation and used frequently in research papers.
Author Last Name, First Name. Last Modified Year. "Page Title." Website Title. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

If there is no personal author, start with the page title or site sponsor. If there is no last modified date, use n.d. (n.d. means no date).
 
Example: Human Rights Campaign. n.d. "Maps of State Laws and Policies." Accessed April 25, 2023. http://www.hrc.org/state_maps.

 

 In-Text Citations

An in-text citation provides your reader with two pieces of information:

  1. The the last name of the author(s) used in the corresponding reference list entry
  2. The year the work was published
Standard Formatting of In-Text Citations

Enclose the author's last name and the year of publication in parentheses with no intervening punctuation (no commas or periods).
(Smith 2016)

For no author, start the citation with the title of the work you are citing instead.
( )

For two to three authors, include the last names of authors using commas and and
(Smith, Lee, and Alvarez 2016)

For four or more authors, include the last name of the first author and et al.
(Smith et al. 2016)